What Is a Novel Virus?

Posted on June 4, 2025 writen by Jane Paulson in Medical Malpractice

A novel virus is a previously unidentified virus that has not been detected in humans before. These viruses can emerge suddenly, spread rapidly, and trigger serious public health concerns because existing immunity, vaccines, or treatments may not be effective. Understanding what a novel virus is—and the impact it can have on healthcare systems—is critical when evaluating the responsibilities of medical providers. 

At Paulson Coletti, we’ve seen firsthand how medical mistakes during outbreaks can have devastating consequences, which is why having a trusted medical malpractice lawyer in Portland can make all the difference.

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Defining a Novel Virus

What is a novel virus? A novel virus is, quite literally, “new.” It’s a strain of virus that hasn’t been observed in the human population before and often originates from an animal host through zoonotic spillover. Since the immune system hasn’t encountered it, novel viruses can spread quickly and unpredictably. Novel viruses pose a serious risk because the population has no built-in resistance or pre-existing immunity.

How Novel Viruses Emerge

Novel viruses typically develop through mutation or recombination, often in animal reservoirs. When these viruses cross the species barrier—moving from animals to humans—they can become infectious and transmissible. Wet markets, factory farming, and wildlife trade are high-risk environments where spillovers are more likely to occur. Once introduced to humans, even a minor mutation can make the virus more contagious, and in the absence of prior exposure, entire populations may be at risk.

Why Novel Viruses Are a Public Health Challenge

The danger of a novel virus lies in its unpredictability. Without prior immunity, healthcare systems must rely on real-time data, trial-and-error treatments, and rapidly changing protocols. This environment is fertile ground for both medical innovation and, unfortunately, medical mistakes. During times of uncertainty, decisions must be made quickly, but they still must meet the expected standard of care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tracks novel influenza virus cases in the United States weekly to monitor public health threats.

Examples of Recent Novel Viruses

In recent years, the world has seen multiple examples of novel viruses that disrupted healthcare systems:

• SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Originated in late 2019 and quickly became a global pandemic.
• H1N1 Influenza (2009 Swine Flu): Though related to seasonal flu strains, this virus had unique genetic markers.
• MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome): First detected in 2012, it is thought to have originated from camels.

Each of these outbreaks presented distinct challenges and required tailored responses from medical providers. Failure to meet those challenges with care and accuracy has often led to preventable harm.

Novel Viruses and the Medical Standard of Care

Healthcare providers are still bound by the standard of care, even during the chaos of an emerging outbreak. This means acting consistently with a reasonably careful provider’s actions under similar circumstances. During viral outbreaks, including:

• Following evolving CDC and WHO guidelines.
• Promptly recognizing symptoms of novel viruses.
• Avoiding delays in diagnosis and treatment.
• Communicating clearly with patients about potential risks.

Medical professionals deviating from these expectations may constitute malpractice, regardless of the outbreak’s novelty.

Medical Negligence During Viral Outbreaks

Negligence isn’t always about what a provider did—it’s often about what they failed to do. During COVID-19, we saw numerous reports of delayed test results, refusal to administer treatment, and incorrect discharges. In Portland and throughout Oregon, these lapses have led to severe illness, long-term health damage, and, tragically, avoidable deaths.

Medical negligence during a novel virus outbreak can include:

• Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.
• Failure to isolate contagious patients.
• Incorrect medication or dosage.
• Ignoring updated public health protocols.

Your Rights After Harm from Medical Errors Involving Novel Viruses

Harm caused by medical negligence during a novel virus outbreak may qualify for legal action under Oregon malpractice laws. Patients have the right to hold providers accountable when care falls below accepted medical standards, even in crisis conditions. Legal options can include filing a malpractice claim to recover damages for medical costs, lost income, or long-term health impacts. Pursuing a claim also helps bring attention to systemic failures, pushing for better care moving forward. Legal guidance can clarify where the breakdown occurred and what can be done.

Speak to a Portland Medical Malpractice Lawyer Today

Medical mistakes during a novel virus outbreak can overwhelm families and leave them with no answers. When care falls below the expected standard, those affected deserve support and a path forward. At Paulson Coletti, we provide clear, compassionate legal guidance rooted in accountability. 

Schedule a confidential consultation with our team to discuss what happened, ask questions, and explore your options with attorneys committed to helping you move forward.